Smith machine

This study examined the acute effects of coffee providing 2 or 4 mg/kg caffeine on bench press and Smith machine squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) performance. Fifteen healthy, recreationally resistance-trained men aged 18–35 years, each with at least one year of resistance-training experience, completed a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Participants consumed instant coffee providing 2 or 4 mg/kg caffeine or decaffeinated coffee as placebo. The strength tests were performed 60 min after ingestion, with a 48–72 h washout between sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Caffeine condition had significant effects on bench press 1RM (F(2, 28) = 6.962, p = 0.004) and Smith machine squat 1RM (F(2, 28) = 5.539, p = 0.009). The 4 mg/kg condition produced significantly higher bench press and squat performance than placebo (p = 0.003 and p = 0.022, respectively) and the 2 mg/kg condition (p = 0.009 and p = 0.014, respectively). No significant differences were detected between the 2 mg/kg and placebo conditions for bench press (p = 0.396) or squat (p = 0.869). These findings apply to the acute conditions and 1RM tests examined in this sample and do not establish a general caffeine dose–response relationship.

matched text: “smith machine”

Abstract Background Resistance training induces fatigue-related responses that may reduce force-generating capacity through metabolic and neuromuscular mechanisms. Muscle mechanical properties, including stiffness, elasticity, and resting tone, assessed via myotonometry, provide information about the passive mechanical state and functional status of skeletal muscle. However, limited evidence exists regarding how these properties change during and immediately following velocity-based resistance training sessions, and whether their temporal behavior corresponds with performance, metabolic, and perceptual responses. Methods Twenty resistance-trained men (25.8 ± 4.6 years) completed a repeated-measures experimental protocol consisting of four sets of Smith machine bench press performed at 70% of estimated one-repetition maximum, with 3 min of rest between sets. Sets were terminated upon reaching a 30% loss in mean propulsive velocity (MPV). Muscle mechanical properties and blood lactate concentration were assessed at rest, following each set, and at 5 and 10 min post-session. Performance variables were recorded throughout the protocol. Results Stiffness and resting tone remained stable across sets. At 10 min post-session, stiffness was lower than baseline and the post-set values, whereas resting tone was lower than the post-set values but did not differ significantly from baseline. Elasticity showed no significant pairwise differences over time. Blood lactate progressively increased throughout the protocol. Performance declined across sets, evidenced by reductions in the number of repetitions and movement velocity, accompanied by increased perceived exertion. Conclusions Velocity-based resistance training induced fatigue-related responses, as reflected by decreased mechanical performance and increased metabolic and perceptual markers. However, muscle mechanical properties assessed via myotonometry were primarily altered during the post-exercise recovery phase. Within the constraints of this single-session and protocol-specific design, myotonometric changes were detected mainly during the early post-exercise recovery period rather than following each set. Myotonometry may therefore provide complementary information on short-term post-exercise muscle responses; however, these findings do not establish its suitability for real-time fatigue monitoring across different exercises, loading schemes, or repeated training sessions.

matched text: “smith machine”