cluster sets

Elite junior judo athletes training under high concurrent technical-tactical loads face challenges in neuromuscular development and fatigue management. Cluster set (CL) resistance training, which incorporates brief intra-set rest intervals, has been proposed to enhance power output and reduce acute neuromuscular fatigue compared with traditional sets (TS). However, its long-term effects in elite combat sport athletes remain unclear. This study compared neuromuscular adaptations following a 12-week block periodisation programme using TS versus CL configurations in elite junior judo athletes. Twenty-two elite junior judo athletes (14 males, 8 females; age 16.55 ± 0.74 years) completed a 12-week programme consisting of hypertrophy (Weeks 1–4), maximal strength (Weeks 5–8), and power (Weeks 9–12) mesocycles. During the power phase, participants were randomised into TS (n = 11) or CL groups (n = 11; 45-second intra-set rest every two repetitions). Primary outcomes included 1RM back squat, 1RM bench press, countermovement jump height (CMJ), and peak barbell velocity (PV), assessed at four time points. Mixed ANOVA (2 × 2) examined group × time interactions during the power mesocycle. Significant improvements were observed across all variables during the baseline mesocycles (Cohen’s d = 1.22–1.90; p < 0.001). Both groups improved significantly during the power mesocycle, with no meaningful group × time interactions for squat strength, bench press, or CMJ. Both groups also showed a force-dominant shift in the force-velocity profile, indicated by reduced PV alongside increased 1RM. These findings suggest that TS and CL produce comparable neuromuscular adaptations over a four-week power mesocycle. CL may therefore serve as a practical alternative for managing concurrent technical-tactical training loads in elite junior judo athletes.

matched text: “cluster set”

MMseqs2 clustering was used to examine the uniformity of proteomes from 20 bacterial species. Clusters with proteins from [&ge;]50% of proteomes typically contain proteins from 95% of the proteomes and capture more than 80% of the proteins in an organism. Protein clusters are highly uniform in length; across the 20 bacteria, the median cluster has more than 99% of the proteins at the mode length. In contrast to this uniformity, some clusters contain dozens to hundreds of proteins that are considerably shorter (<75%) than the mode-length, and a few clusters include proteins that are >133% the mode length. Most "outlier" proteins are found in fewer than 10% of clusters, and "high-outlier" clusters are over-represented in a small fraction of proteomes, that often have poor Proteome BUSCO fragment scores. Short-outlier proteins are artifacts; at least 80% of short-outlier genomes contain mode-length copies of the protein, which were missed because of frame-shifts, termination codons, or initiation codon choice. As with "short-outlier" proteins, the [~]5% of proteomes missing from the core (50% participation) cluster set encode the missing protein more than 98% of the time. MMseqs2 clustering with 50% participation provides robust sets of core bacterial proteins.

matched text: “cluster set”